References from Naturopathic Cancer Care: Is it Safe, and Does it Work?
[1] Vickers, A.J. et al. Unconventional anticancer agents: a systematic review of clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(1):136-140.
[2] Cassileth, B.R. Cancer quackery: the persistent popularity of useless, irrational ‘alternative’ treatments. Oncology. 2012;26(8):754-8.
[3] Hanahan D, Weinberg RA: Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011, 144: 646-674. 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013
[4] National Cancer Institute: the genetics of cancer. http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics Accessed 6 May 2016.
[5] Tomasetti, C. and Vogelstein B. Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions. Science. 2015;347(6217):78-81.
[6] Baney, T. et al. Red flags in caring for cancer survivors. The Oncology Nursing Society. 2014. https://www.ons.org/sites/default/files/media/Red%20Flags%20for%20Cancer%20Survivors.pdf Accessed 6 May 2016.
[7] Mayo Clinic website: In-depth cancer causes. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-causes/art-20044714?pg=2conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-causes/art-20044714?pg=2. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[8] Tasevka, N. et al. Sugars and risk of mortality in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 99, 1077-88. http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/99/5/1077.full.pdf+html. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[9]Lawrence, K.H. et al. American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention. Reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choice and physical activity. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012; 62:30-67.
[10] Tasevka, N. et al. Sugars and risk of mortality in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 99:1077-88. http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/99/5/1077.full.pdf+html. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[11] Tasevka, N. et al. Sugars in diet and risk of cancer in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Int J Cancer. 2012; 130:159-169 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.25990/epdf Accessed 6 May 2016.
[12] Getz, L. Orthorexia: when eating healthy becomes an unhealthy obsession. Today’s Dietician. 2009;11(6):40. http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/060109p40.shtml. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[13] Orthorexia: Health eating vs. orthorexia. http://www.orthorexia.com/healthy-eating-vs-orthorexia/. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[14] Cancer Research UK: Macrobiotic diet and cancer. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/treatment/complementary-alternative/therapies/macrobiotic-diet#cost. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[15] Dunn, T.M & Bratman, S. On orthorexia nervosa: A review of the literature and proposed diagnostic criteria. Eating Behaviors. 2016;21:11-17.
[16] Padayatty SJ, Sun H, Wang Y, et al.: Vitamin C pharmacokinetics: implications for oral and intravenous use. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140(7):533-7.
[17] Cameron E, Campbell A: The orthomolecular treatment of cancer. II. Clinical trial of high-dose ascorbic acid supplements in advanced human cancer. Chem Biol Interact. 1974;9(4):285-315.
[18] Du J, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR. Ascorbic acid: chemistry, biology and the treatment of cancer. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2012 Dec;1826(2):443-457.
[19] Verrax J, Calderon PB: Pharmacologic concentrations of ascorbate are achieved by parenteral administration and exhibit antitumoral effects. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009;47(1):32-40.
[20] Chen Q, Espey MG, Sun AY, Lee JH, Krishna MC, Shacter E, Choyke PL, Pooput C, Kirk KL, Buettner GR, Levine M. Ascorbate in pharmacologic concentrations selectively generates ascorbate radical and hydrogen peroxide in extracellular fluid in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2007 May;104(21):8749-8754
[21] Chen Q, Espey MG, Sun AY, Pooput C, Kirk KL, Krishna MC, Khosh DB, Drisko J, Levine M. Pharmacologic doses of ascorbate act as a prooxidant and decrease growth of aggressive tumor xenografts in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2008 August;105(32):11105-11109.
[22] Verrax J, Calderon PB. Pharmacologic concentrations of ascorbate are achieved by parenteral administration and exhibit antitumoral effects. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2009 July;47(1):32-40.
[23] Oberley TD, Oberley LW. Antioxidant enzyme levels in cancer. Histol. Histopathol. 1997 April;12(2):525-535.
[24] Luc Geeraert, CAM-Cancer Consortium. Intravenous high-dose vitamin C [online document]. http://cam-cancer.org/The-Summaries/Other-CAM/Intravenous-high-dose-vitamin-C. July 9, 2014. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[25] Zou W, Yue P, Lin N, et al.: Vitamin C inactivates the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 in human cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(1):273-80.
[26] Llobet D, Eritja N, Encinas M, et al.: Antioxidants block proteasome inhibitor function in endometrial carcinoma cells. Anticancer Drugs. 2008;19(2):115-24.
[27]Perrone G, Hideshima T, Ikeda H, et al.: Ascorbic acid inhibits antitumor activity of bortezomib in vivo. Leukemia. 2009;23(9):1679-86.
[28] Heaney ML, Gardner JR, Karasavvas N, et al.: Vitamin C antagonizes the cytotoxic effects of antineoplastic drugs. Cancer Res. 2008;68(19):8031-8.
[29] Mirjam Wuesthof, CAM-Cancer Consortium. Mistletoe (Viscum album) [online document]. http://cam-cancer.org/The-Summaries/Herbal-products/Mistletoe-Viscum-album. January 19, 2015.
[30] National Cancer Institute: Mistletoe extracts. http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/mistletoe-pdq#link/_16. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[31] Jung ML, Baudino S, Ribéreau-Gayon G et al. Characterization of cytotoxic proteins from mistletoe (Viscum album L.). Cancer Lett. 1990;51:103-8.
[32] Kuttan G, Vasudevan DM, Kuttan R. Effect of a prepartion from Viscum album on tumour development in vitro and in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 1990;29:35-41.
[33] Janssen O, Scheffler A, Kabelitz D: In vitro effects of mistletoe extracts and mistletoe lectins. Cytotoxicity towards tumour cells due to the induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Arzneimittelforschung. 1993;43:1221-7.
[34] Jurin M, Zarkovic N, Hrzenjak M, Hic Z. Antitumourous and immunomodulatory effects of the viscum album L. preparation Isorel. Oncology. 1993;50:393-8.
[35] Mengs U, Göthel D, Leng-Peschlow E: Mistletoe extracts standardized to mistletoe lectins in oncology: review on current status of preclinical research. Anticancer Res. 2002;22:1399-407.
[36] Kuttan G, Vasudevan DM, Kuttan R. Isolation and identification of a tumour reducing component from mistltoe extract (Iscador). Cancer Lett. 1988;41:307-314.
[37] Karen Pilkington, CAM-Cancer Consortium. Ozone therapy [online document]. http://cam-cancer.org/The-Summaries/Other-CAM/Ozone-therapy. September 11, 2013.
[38] Bocci V.A. Scientific and Medical Aspects of Ozone Therapy. State of the Art. Archives of Medical Research. 2006;37(4):425-435.
[39] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health pocket guide to chemical hazards. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0476.html. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[40] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Ozone. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/10028156.html. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[41] Brewer D D. A Systematic Review of Autohemotherapy as a Treatment for Urticaria and Eczema. Cureus. 2014;6(12):e233. doi:10.7759/cureus.233
[42] Bocci V.A.(2006) Scientific and Medical Aspects of Ozone Therapy. State of the Art. Archives of Medical Research. 37 (4) (pp 425-435).
[43] Hanahan D, Weinberg RA: Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011, 144: 646-674. 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013
[44] Höckel M, Vaupel P.(2001). Tumor hypoxia: definitions and current clinical, biologic, and molecular aspects. J Natl Cancer Inst. 93(4):266-76.
[45] United States Food and Drug Administration. (2012). Title 21--Food And Drugs.Chapter I--Food And Drug Administration Department Of Health And Human Services. Subchapter H--Medical Devices. Available at:http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=801.415.
Accessed 6 May 2016.
[46] Tomlinson, Kathy. “B.C. man under scrutiny for cancer-cure claim.” CBC News. Published 27 Oct 2009. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-man-under-scrutiny-for-cancer-cure-claims-1.803876. Accessed 6 May 2014.
[47] Yun, Y.H. et al. Effect of complementary and alternative medicine on the survival and health-related quality of life among terminally ill cancer patients: A prospective cohort study. Annals of Oncology. 2013;24:489-494.
[48] Risberg, T. et al. Does use of alternative medicine predict survival from cancer? Eur J Cancer. 2003;39(3):372-7.
[1] Vickers, A.J. et al. Unconventional anticancer agents: a systematic review of clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(1):136-140.
[2] Cassileth, B.R. Cancer quackery: the persistent popularity of useless, irrational ‘alternative’ treatments. Oncology. 2012;26(8):754-8.
[3] Hanahan D, Weinberg RA: Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011, 144: 646-674. 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013
[4] National Cancer Institute: the genetics of cancer. http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics Accessed 6 May 2016.
[5] Tomasetti, C. and Vogelstein B. Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions. Science. 2015;347(6217):78-81.
[6] Baney, T. et al. Red flags in caring for cancer survivors. The Oncology Nursing Society. 2014. https://www.ons.org/sites/default/files/media/Red%20Flags%20for%20Cancer%20Survivors.pdf Accessed 6 May 2016.
[7] Mayo Clinic website: In-depth cancer causes. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-causes/art-20044714?pg=2conditions/cancer/in-depth/cancer-causes/art-20044714?pg=2. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[8] Tasevka, N. et al. Sugars and risk of mortality in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 99, 1077-88. http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/99/5/1077.full.pdf+html. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[9]Lawrence, K.H. et al. American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention. Reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choice and physical activity. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012; 62:30-67.
[10] Tasevka, N. et al. Sugars and risk of mortality in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 99:1077-88. http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/99/5/1077.full.pdf+html. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[11] Tasevka, N. et al. Sugars in diet and risk of cancer in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Int J Cancer. 2012; 130:159-169 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.25990/epdf Accessed 6 May 2016.
[12] Getz, L. Orthorexia: when eating healthy becomes an unhealthy obsession. Today’s Dietician. 2009;11(6):40. http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/060109p40.shtml. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[13] Orthorexia: Health eating vs. orthorexia. http://www.orthorexia.com/healthy-eating-vs-orthorexia/. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[14] Cancer Research UK: Macrobiotic diet and cancer. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/treatment/complementary-alternative/therapies/macrobiotic-diet#cost. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[15] Dunn, T.M & Bratman, S. On orthorexia nervosa: A review of the literature and proposed diagnostic criteria. Eating Behaviors. 2016;21:11-17.
[16] Padayatty SJ, Sun H, Wang Y, et al.: Vitamin C pharmacokinetics: implications for oral and intravenous use. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140(7):533-7.
[17] Cameron E, Campbell A: The orthomolecular treatment of cancer. II. Clinical trial of high-dose ascorbic acid supplements in advanced human cancer. Chem Biol Interact. 1974;9(4):285-315.
[18] Du J, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR. Ascorbic acid: chemistry, biology and the treatment of cancer. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2012 Dec;1826(2):443-457.
[19] Verrax J, Calderon PB: Pharmacologic concentrations of ascorbate are achieved by parenteral administration and exhibit antitumoral effects. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009;47(1):32-40.
[20] Chen Q, Espey MG, Sun AY, Lee JH, Krishna MC, Shacter E, Choyke PL, Pooput C, Kirk KL, Buettner GR, Levine M. Ascorbate in pharmacologic concentrations selectively generates ascorbate radical and hydrogen peroxide in extracellular fluid in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2007 May;104(21):8749-8754
[21] Chen Q, Espey MG, Sun AY, Pooput C, Kirk KL, Krishna MC, Khosh DB, Drisko J, Levine M. Pharmacologic doses of ascorbate act as a prooxidant and decrease growth of aggressive tumor xenografts in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2008 August;105(32):11105-11109.
[22] Verrax J, Calderon PB. Pharmacologic concentrations of ascorbate are achieved by parenteral administration and exhibit antitumoral effects. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2009 July;47(1):32-40.
[23] Oberley TD, Oberley LW. Antioxidant enzyme levels in cancer. Histol. Histopathol. 1997 April;12(2):525-535.
[24] Luc Geeraert, CAM-Cancer Consortium. Intravenous high-dose vitamin C [online document]. http://cam-cancer.org/The-Summaries/Other-CAM/Intravenous-high-dose-vitamin-C. July 9, 2014. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[25] Zou W, Yue P, Lin N, et al.: Vitamin C inactivates the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 in human cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(1):273-80.
[26] Llobet D, Eritja N, Encinas M, et al.: Antioxidants block proteasome inhibitor function in endometrial carcinoma cells. Anticancer Drugs. 2008;19(2):115-24.
[27]Perrone G, Hideshima T, Ikeda H, et al.: Ascorbic acid inhibits antitumor activity of bortezomib in vivo. Leukemia. 2009;23(9):1679-86.
[28] Heaney ML, Gardner JR, Karasavvas N, et al.: Vitamin C antagonizes the cytotoxic effects of antineoplastic drugs. Cancer Res. 2008;68(19):8031-8.
[29] Mirjam Wuesthof, CAM-Cancer Consortium. Mistletoe (Viscum album) [online document]. http://cam-cancer.org/The-Summaries/Herbal-products/Mistletoe-Viscum-album. January 19, 2015.
[30] National Cancer Institute: Mistletoe extracts. http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/mistletoe-pdq#link/_16. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[31] Jung ML, Baudino S, Ribéreau-Gayon G et al. Characterization of cytotoxic proteins from mistletoe (Viscum album L.). Cancer Lett. 1990;51:103-8.
[32] Kuttan G, Vasudevan DM, Kuttan R. Effect of a prepartion from Viscum album on tumour development in vitro and in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 1990;29:35-41.
[33] Janssen O, Scheffler A, Kabelitz D: In vitro effects of mistletoe extracts and mistletoe lectins. Cytotoxicity towards tumour cells due to the induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Arzneimittelforschung. 1993;43:1221-7.
[34] Jurin M, Zarkovic N, Hrzenjak M, Hic Z. Antitumourous and immunomodulatory effects of the viscum album L. preparation Isorel. Oncology. 1993;50:393-8.
[35] Mengs U, Göthel D, Leng-Peschlow E: Mistletoe extracts standardized to mistletoe lectins in oncology: review on current status of preclinical research. Anticancer Res. 2002;22:1399-407.
[36] Kuttan G, Vasudevan DM, Kuttan R. Isolation and identification of a tumour reducing component from mistltoe extract (Iscador). Cancer Lett. 1988;41:307-314.
[37] Karen Pilkington, CAM-Cancer Consortium. Ozone therapy [online document]. http://cam-cancer.org/The-Summaries/Other-CAM/Ozone-therapy. September 11, 2013.
[38] Bocci V.A. Scientific and Medical Aspects of Ozone Therapy. State of the Art. Archives of Medical Research. 2006;37(4):425-435.
[39] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health pocket guide to chemical hazards. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0476.html. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[40] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Ozone. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/10028156.html. Accessed 6 May 2016.
[41] Brewer D D. A Systematic Review of Autohemotherapy as a Treatment for Urticaria and Eczema. Cureus. 2014;6(12):e233. doi:10.7759/cureus.233
[42] Bocci V.A.(2006) Scientific and Medical Aspects of Ozone Therapy. State of the Art. Archives of Medical Research. 37 (4) (pp 425-435).
[43] Hanahan D, Weinberg RA: Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011, 144: 646-674. 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013
[44] Höckel M, Vaupel P.(2001). Tumor hypoxia: definitions and current clinical, biologic, and molecular aspects. J Natl Cancer Inst. 93(4):266-76.
[45] United States Food and Drug Administration. (2012). Title 21--Food And Drugs.Chapter I--Food And Drug Administration Department Of Health And Human Services. Subchapter H--Medical Devices. Available at:http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=801.415.
Accessed 6 May 2016.
[46] Tomlinson, Kathy. “B.C. man under scrutiny for cancer-cure claim.” CBC News. Published 27 Oct 2009. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-man-under-scrutiny-for-cancer-cure-claims-1.803876. Accessed 6 May 2014.
[47] Yun, Y.H. et al. Effect of complementary and alternative medicine on the survival and health-related quality of life among terminally ill cancer patients: A prospective cohort study. Annals of Oncology. 2013;24:489-494.
[48] Risberg, T. et al. Does use of alternative medicine predict survival from cancer? Eur J Cancer. 2003;39(3):372-7.